Course unit code:
N426U0_4B
Course unit title:
Introduction to Biochemistry
Mode of completion and Number of ECTS credits:
Exm (2 credits)
Course contents:
Chemical composition of living organisms. Ions, trace elements, occurrence and function, role of water. Buffers. Energetics of living organisms. Equilibrium and noni-equilibrium processes. Chemical equilibria. Coupling of endergonic and exergonic reactions. High-energy bond.
DNA, structure, properties. DNA denaturation. Replication. Types, structures and functions of RNAs. Transcription. Genetic code. Enzymatic activity of RNA.
Amino acids, structure, properties, chemical reactions. Peptide bond. Proteins and polypeptides, their properties and structure. Methods of protein structure study. Proteosynthesis. Monosaccharides. Stereochemistry. Biologically important monosaccharides, their derivatives, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Glycoside bond.
Fatty acids, triacylglycerols, waxes, sterols, complex lipids. Enzymes. Enzymic reaction, kinetics, inhibition. Cell metabolism and its regulation. Concept of operon by Jacob and Monod. Regulation by changes of enzymic activities. Anaerobic and aerobic catabolism of glucose. Gluconeogenesis. Citric acid cycle. Anaplerotic reactions. Glyoxylate cycle. Pentose cycle. Oxidative phosphorylation. Respiratory chain. Coupling of substrate oxidation and ATP synthesis. Protonmotive force. Transport of reducing equivalents, substrates and products of phosphorylarion.
Utilization of fatty acids. Enzymologic, energetic, transport, and regulatory aspects.
Photosynthetic phosphorylation and carbon fixation. Dark-reactions of photosynthesis. Fixation of CO2 in C3 and C4 plants. Photorespiration. Calvin cycle.
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